Leukemia is a group of diseases that originates in the bone marrow, where an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells interferes with the production of other blood components. This leads to a decrease in red blood cells and platelets, weakening the body and its immune system.
Early Symptoms of Leukemia
Initial symptoms are often subtle, but certain signs should be observed:
Weight Loss and Fatigue: Patients may experience a loss of appetite, easy fatigue, dizziness, and frequent heart palpitations.
Easy Bleeding: Due to a low platelet count, bleeding may occur easily from the gums, menstrual periods may be unusually heavy, and unexplained bruises may appear on the body.
Frequent Infections: The compromised immune system makes patients more susceptible to infections and slower to recover from illnesses.
If these symptoms are present and new lumps or swellings are found on the body, it may indicate that the cancer has started to spread.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect you have these symptoms, it is crucial to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis. A doctor will typically perform a blood test to check for abnormal white blood cells and may perform a bone marrow biopsy to confirm if the cancer originated in the bone marrow.
Treatment options depend on the specific type and stage of leukemia. Common treatments include:
Chemotherapy: The use of powerful drugs to stop the growth and division of cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells. Modern technology allows for precise and targeted treatment.
Targeted Therapy: This treatment specifically targets and destroys cancer cells with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.
Stem Cell Transplantation: This procedure replaces unhealthy stem cells with healthy ones, which may be sourced from the patient, a family member, or a compatible donor. This method can significantly reduce the risk of relapse.
In addition to medical treatments, maintaining good hygiene is essential. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent mouth sores and ensuring adequate intake of fiber and water to avoid constipation can help reduce the risk of infection.